Acetate    Category: Upholstery
A man-made cellulose fiber. Trade names

Acrilan    Category: Upholstery 
Trade name for an acrylic fiber

Acrylic    Category: Upholstery
(Identified as Orion, Creslan, and AcriIan). A man-made fiber with a soft, woolly feeling; fair resistance to sunlight. It has good cleanability characteristics and takes vivid color well. Acrylic is normally used to create velvet, plush looks.

Air Bed    Category: Mattress
A vinyl Mattress filled with air, usually covered with cushioning and ticking

Air Dried    Category: Wood
Wood that is dried without the use of artificial heat sources such as a kiln. Air drying removes about 70% of the Woods moisture content.

All Wood    Category: Wood
All Wood furniture can be made of Wood products such as hardWood and softWood lumber, veneers, plyWood, particleboard, chip core and composition board.

Aniline    Category: Leather
A transparent dye used to color fine Leather hides.

Antique Finish    Category: Wood
A finish which gives the appearance of age. This is normally accomplished by highlighting or lightening areas that (in older pieces) normally show wear and by darkening other areas to simulate age and soiling.

Antiquing    Category: Leather
A method of aging the appearance of a hide. Usually done by hand, this technique is best suited for full-grain hides.

Arm Caps    Category: Upholstery
Fitted or unfitted protective covers for arms in matching fabric. Sometimes available with furniture.

Arm Stump    Category: Upholstery
The vertical front of an arm which you see when looking straight on at a sofa or chair.

Attached Pillow Back    Category: Upholstery
Back cushions made to resemble loose pillows but which may not be removed.

Back Rail    Category: Upholstery
The Wood frame section which supports the back springs and/or cushioning material.

Backing    Category: Upholstery
A coating material used on the reverse side of the Upholstery fabric or cover to give it more strength.

Baffle    Category: Mattress
A structure which reduces wave motion in a waterbed Mattress. Baffles float within the Mattress and may have serpentine, cone, coil or cylindrical shapes.

Ball Casters    Category: Upholstery
Round metal, rubber and/or plastic balls which fit inside a swiveled cup attached to base of furniture to make furniture easier to move.

Base Rail    Category: Upholstery
The part of the Wood frame lowest to the floor.

Baseball Stitching    Category: Upholstery
A double row of sewing which runs along both sides of a seam. It is used for a decorative effect but also strengthens the seam.

Basket -Weave (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A simple plain flat fabric which gives the appearance of a woven basket.

Blended (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A fabric woven with yarn of one or more different fibers, each bringing its own special properties to the finished fabric.

Bonnell Coil    Category: Mattress
An innerspring Mattress coil with an hourglass shape.

Border Rod    Category: Mattress
Heavy wire that forms the outer edge of an innerspring unit. The border rod is usually clipped to the outermost coils and the ends of the helicals.

Boxspring    Category: Mattress
A boxspring is designed to support an innerspring Mattress. A Mattress and boxspring together comprise a sleep set (see innerspring construction).

Brocade (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A heavy flat fabric with a raised design, usually made with a satin yarn.

Brocatelle (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A heavy flat fabric similar to brocade but with a more highly-raised design.

Buffing    Category: Leather
A mechanical process for removing scars and scratches from hides.

Built Up Foundation    Category: Mattress
A boxspring supported solely by Wood and foam.

Bulb And Capillary    Category: Mattress
A type of temperature control unit that utilizes a sensor that consists of a copper bulb filled with ethylene glycol that will expand and contract according to the temperature of the Mattress.

Burl    Category: Wood
veneers made from trees that have knots in them. These veneers have a decorative irregular mottled pattern.

Button-Tufting    Category: Upholstery
The use of buttons to decorate or accentuate tufting. (See tufting)

Buttseam    Category: Mattress
A type of seam used to produce a waterbed Mattress in which the vinyl is overlapped at right angles to the Mattress and heat sealed.

California King    Category: Mattress
A bed that measures 72" wide and 84" long.

Casters    Category: Upholstery
Small wheels on swivels used in place of legs of furniture to make it easier to move. Some styles could call for legs and casters. (Trade names Bassick, Shepherd and Faultless).

Cellulose    Category: Wood
The chemical component of Wood which is the structural portion of cell walls.

Center Match    Category: Upholstery
When a fabric has a pattern and a section of the pattern appears in the same place, in the center, on all back cushions and all seat cushions.

Check    Category: Wood
A crack or split in Wood; often the result of drying.

Chintz (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A flat, brightly colored polished fabric, usually printed.

Chip Core    Category: Wood
A board made of chips of Wood which are held together with resin and compressed into a strong, warp resistant pane. Particle board and press board are other names for this type of product which is produced to meet a variety of quality specifications.

Cleanability Code    Category: Upholstery
One of four letters (W, W-S, S, X). Part of an industry code used on upholstered furniture to indicate how an upholstered fabric may be cleaned. Each letter refers to a specific cleaning method.

Club Chair    Category: Upholstery
An upholstered chair with a low back.

Coil Count    Category: Mattress
The number of innerspring coils in a Mattress. The standard for a double bed is 312.

Coil Spring    Category: Mattress
Spirals of wire in varying heights, sizes and gauges which form the supportive structure of an innerspring Mattress.

Coil Springs    Category: Upholstery
When resilient spring wire is coiled into a cone shape. Such springs are used in multiple rows for good seating comfort.

Com (Customers Own Material)    Category: Upholstery
Some manufacturers will allow for customers to send yardage of their own fabic to have the furniture upholstered in.

Continuous Coil    Category: Mattress
An innerspring Mattress coil configuration where each row of coils is made from a single piece of wire.

Contrasting Welts    Category: Upholstery
When welts are either a different color or material than Upholstery material (See welts).

Convoluted Springs    Category: Upholstery
An S-shaped spring made of resilient steel spring wire. Used where full coil springs are not required by the furniture design.

Corduroy (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A pile fabric with the pile usually cut into ridges.

Core    Category: Upholstery
The inside of a seat or back cushion, usually polyurethane foam.

Corner Blocks    Category: Upholstery
Triangular pieces of Wood used to rein- force joints in the Wood frame.

Corrected Grain Leather    Category: Leather
Leather with artificial grain embossed into the hide.

Cover    Category: Upholstery
The Upholstery fabric used as the outer covering of a sofa or chair. A "cover" can be either fabric or vinyl

Cowhide    Category: Leather
In Upholstery terms, the entire animal hide, averaging 45-55 square feet.

Crotch Veneer    Category: Wood
A veneer cut from the branching point of a tree. Crotch veneers can be cut, assorted and matched to produce varied patterns.

Cushioning    Category: Mattress
Polyurethane foam, cotton felt or other materials that lie above the insulator and below the ticking of an innerspring Mattress.

Cut Velvet    Category: Upholstery
A pile fabric with the pile cut into differ- ent levels.

Dacron    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for a polyester fiber. (See polyester).

Damask (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A tightly woven flat fabric with a woven- in design. Made on a Jacquard loom.

Deck    Category: Upholstery
Foundation or base on which loose seat cushions rest.

Deck    Category: Mattress
Also known as the pedestal decking or platform, the deck is a flat board which sits on a waterbed pedestal and below the frame.

Denim (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A tightly woven plain-weave flat fabric.

Density    Category: Upholstery
Weight of a polyurethane foam cushioning material. Low density foam will flat- ten out soon when sat upon while high density foam will support more weight for a greater duration of time and is usually more comfortable.

Density    Category: Mattress
The weight per cubic foot of foam. Density is independent of firmness but is considered an important indicator of foam quality. Foam with a density of 1.8 pounds per cubic foot is less likely to "bottom out", "fatigue" or "dish". Higher density virgin foam cores tend to have a better surface softness along with deep down support.

Dish    Category: Mattress
An undesirable characteristic common with four and five inch low density Mattress cores. When weight is placed in the center of a low density foam Mattress, the corners rise and bow in response to the deep compression.

Distressing    Category: Wood
Wood that is purposely marred to give a rustic look or the appearance of great age.

Divided Back    Category: Upholstery
The back of a sofa is given the look of detachable pillows or cushions.

Double Bed    Category: Mattress
Also known as a full or regular size, a double bed measures 54 inches wide by 74 inches long.

Double Doweled    Category: Upholstery
Two Wooden pegs inserted into both sides of a frame to make for stronger construction.

Double Extra Long    Category: Mattress
A bed that measures 54 inches wide by 80 inches long.

Dowels    Category: Upholstery
Wooden pegs used in quality furniture to hold frames together. They are best used in pairs and glued when pounded into place.

Down    Category: Upholstery
Duck or goose feathers (or feathers from any water fowl) used for padding; available from some manufacturers but not common today due to high cost.

Drum Dyeing (Vat Dyeing)    Category: Leather
A process of immersing hides in dye and tumbling them in a steel drum to assure full dye penetration.

Dust Cover    Category: Upholstery
Also called cambric. It is material covering bottom of sofa or chair.

Edge Wire    Category: Upholstery
A special heavy gauge wire which acts as a support framing for coils.

Effect Coat    Category: Leather
A process to give Leather a smoky, marbled look for surface interest.

Eight-Way Hand-Tied Springs    Category: Upholstery
Coil springs which are actually hand-tied to keep springs in place. Modern production provides for the use of machine applied metal clips and wire stabilizers to keep coil springs permanently in position, instead of hand tying.

Embossing    Category: Leather
A process to add permanent, artificial grain patterns by applying heat and pressure to corrected grain hides.

Engraving    Category: Wood
A process whereby a patterned or Wood grained effect is printed on top of a panel.

Envelope Arm    Category: Upholstery
A fold-over arm design. The arm padding rises from the seat and flows over the arm with no seams.

Exposed Trim    Category: Upholstery
Any Wood showing on an upholstered chair or sofa except legs. It may be part of the actual frame or construction or added for decorative purposes. Trim can be metal, Wood or plastic.

Fabric Protective Finish    Category: Upholstery
FurnitureFind offers its customers the option to purchase a fluorochemical custom soil-resistant fabric treatment for upholstered furniture. This soil-resistant fabric treatment is applied to the entire upholstered piece at your local showroom and carries a manufacturer's written warranty. The fabric treatment is odorless and does not affect the feel of a fabric. What it does is increase the cleanability of a fabric but does not affect its wearability or durability.

Face Veneer    Category: Wood
The top veneer layer that is seen in the finished product.

Fat Wrinkles    Category: Leather
Marks or wrinkles in the grain of the Leather caused naturally by fat deposits. These "beauty marks" are not visible in corrected grain Leather.

Fatigue    Category: Mattress
A softening or loss of load bearing capacity. A condition which is a cause of complaints with innerspring bedding and low quality foam Mattresses.

Fiber Wave Reduction    Category: Mattress
The use of a polyester fiber pad floating inside a water Mattress to reduce wave motion.

Fiberfil    Category: Upholstery
Name for a polyester filling material, usually used to wrap cushions for added comfort.

Fiddleback Figure    Category: Wood
A Wood pattern in Woods with a wavy grain

Figure    Category: Wood
The characteristic markings or pattern seen in Wood solids or veneers. Figure can result from uneven color, growth rings, vascular rays and variations in grain.

Fill And Drain Kit    Category: Mattress
A package that contains all of the attachments needed to properly fill and drain a waterbed.

Filling    Category: Upholstery
Material (s) of any type used to soften or pad upholstered furniture.

Finishing    Category: Leather
Any treatment or process performed after tanning. Includes antiquing, dyeing, glazing, lacquering, pigmenting, and embossing.

Firmness Ratio    Category: Mattress
The measure of the tendency of a spring to become firmer as greater weight is placed on it.

Flared Arm    Category: Upholstery
An arm which slants or curves away from the seat.

Flat Weave    Category: Upholstery
Fabric with no pile such as tweeds, twills and satins.

Flounce    Category: Upholstery
A strip of fabric gathered as a curtain, or pleated, and applied to the base of upholstered furniture, a feature popular in Early American styling.

Foam    Category: Upholstery
Material used for cushioning or to pad upholstered furniture. "Foam" is short for polyurethane foam in general use today. Is used as seat cushions or in thinner sheets for arm, side and back padding.

Foam    Category: Mattress
Polyurethane foam is used as padding material in innerspring Mattresses and forms the edges of hybrid waterbeds. It can also be used as the major supportive material.

Fortrel    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for a polyester fiber (See polyester).

Foundation    Category: Mattress
(See boxspring)

Frame    Category: Upholstery
Basic structure or skeleton of an upholstered sofa or chair. Kiln-dried hard Wood is best for durability in Wooden frames.

Frame    Category: Mattress
A ridged support system enclosing and confining a water Mattress.

French Seam    Category: Upholstery
(See inverted)

Front Rail    Category: Upholstery
The Wood frame part lowest to the floor , and at the front of piece.

Full Flotation System    Category: Mattress
A type of Mattress that makes use of a Wood or ridged frame.

Full Grain    Category: Leather
Leather in which the natural grain pattern has not been mechanically altered. Full-grain Leather features the genuine grain texture of the hide.

Full Motion    Category: Mattress
A waterbed that does not have wave reduction systems.

Futon    Category: Mattress
A flexible, usually cotton filled Mattress which is often used as a dual Ð purpose Mattress and sitting surface.

Gauge    Category: Mattress
The thickness measure of the wire used in innerspring Mattresses. A lower gauge number denotes a heavier wire.

Glazing (Top Coating)    Category: Leather
The application of protective transparent resins to the Leather. The glazed Leather features a high gloss or matte finish.

Glides    Category: Upholstery
Buttons of plastic or metal applied to bottom of legs to make furniture easier to move around.

Glue Blocks    Category: Upholstery
Triangular pieces of Wood used to rein- force joints. Glued in place after being applied to frame.

Grain    Category: Leather
The natural pattern of pores and wrinkles that creates the texture on a hide.

Growth Rings    Category: Wood
The rings seen in a cross section of a trees' trunk. The rings are formed in both hardWoods and softWoods by the relative rate of disposition of Wood in the trunk.

Hand    Category: Leather
Industry term for the feel of Leather. For example, "The hand of this aniline-dyed Leather is excellent, very soft."

Hand (Or Handle)    Category: Upholstery
Term used to describe the feel of a fabric such as soft, rough, or smooth.

Hand-Antiqued    Category: Leather
The hand application of a darker color over a lighter color creating a dramatic highlight.

Handle-Operated Recliner    Category: Upholstery
Reclining movement of chair is controlled by a handle accessible to the person sitting in the chair rather than by body movement.

Hard Edge    Category: Upholstery
(See tailored edge)

HardWood    Category: Wood
Wood derived from angiosperms (broad leafed trees such as oak, beech, maple, mahogany and walnut). Some hardWoods are actually softer than Woods categorized as softWoods.

Helicals    Category: Upholstery
Small, tightly coiled springs used to add extra comfort. Used, for example, to attach flat spring on all sides of material and frame for sleep/sofa.

Helicals    Category: Mattress
Wire spirals that usually hold together adjacent rows of coil springs.

Herculon    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for an olefin fiber. (See olefin).

Hidden Casters    Category: Upholstery
Recessed casters used to totally conceal the use of caster .

Hides    Category: Leather
Skins of large animals, usually cattle.

High Resilience    Category: Mattress
HR foam is a variety of polyurethane foam which is more supportive, comfortable and durable than conventional foams.

Hybrid    Category: Mattress
A flotation Mattress which is self supporting and looks like a conventional innerspring Mattress.

Ifd    Category: Mattress
Indentation Force Deflection is a measure of the load bearing capacity or firmness in polyurethane foams.

Inlay    Category: Wood
Wood or other materials which are set into corresponding carved out recesses, often producing a pattern.

Innerspring Unit    Category: Mattress
The spring and wire unit made up primarily of coils, helicals and border rods which forms the heart of an innerspring Mattress.

Insulator    Category: Mattress
A tough fiber padding, wire or netting that separates innerspring Mattress coils form the cushioning.

Inverted Seam    Category: Upholstery
Seam joining underside of fabric with no welt. (Also called French seam).

Jacquard (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A method of producing elaborately patterned weaves on a mechanical Jacquard loom on which the roller gives design instructions instead of musical notes.

Kela    Category: Leather
The mechanical process in which a relief roller creates a marbled look. A generic term for all hides and skins which have been tanned and finished.

Kick Pleat    Category: Upholstery
Tailored pleated skirt on the bottom of upholstered pieces. (See skirt).

Kiln Dried    Category: Wood
Kiln drying reduces the moisture content of the lumber, a process which inhibits checking, splitting, and strengthens the finished product. Kiln drying removes about 93% of the Woods moisture content.

Knock Down (Or K-D)    Category: Upholstery
Unassembled or self-assembled furniture which you buy that way and put together yourself at home.

Kodel    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for a polyester fiber (See polyester).

Laminated    Category: Wood
Layers of Wood that are glued or fastened together. Strictly speaking, plyWood is made from laminated veneers, but the term is usually used to describe furniture components made from relatively thick plies of Wood which are glued together with the grain of each piece facing in the same direction.

Lap Seam    Category: Mattress
A high quality seam type used in the manufacturing of waterbed Mattresses. The vinyl is overlapped, and dielectrically heat sealed to become one piece of vinyl.

Latex    Category: Mattress
A natural foam product often used to make premium quality latex foam Mattresses.

Lawson    Category: Upholstery
A furniture style in which arms are lower than the back. (See tuxedo).

Left-Facing    Category: Upholstery
The left-hand side of a piece of furniture when looking at same from the front. (See right-facing).

Liming    Category: Leather
The chemical process of removing the hair and epidermis from the raw hide.

Liner    Category: Mattress
A vinyl sheet which lies under the water Mattress and protects against water damage due to leaks or punctures.

Loose Pillow Construction    Category: Upholstery
A style of sofa or chair which features separate detachable pillows for back support.

Machine-Antiqued    Category: Leather
The machine application of a darker color over a lighter color creating a dramatic highlight.

Match(Ing)    Category: Upholstery
Positioning of a pattern, stripe or plaid. so that it flows continuously down the back across the seat and down the front of a sofa or chair. Not all fabrics may be matched. (Also see center match).

Matelasse (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
Tightly woven flat fabric with a quilted puff effect.

Mil    Category: Mattress
One thousandth of an inch. 20 mil vinyl is usually used in waterbed Mattresses.

Milling    Category: Leather
The process of massaging hides to ensure softness. Hides are tumbled for several hours after being tanned and dyed.

Modular(S)    Category: Upholstery
(See sectionals).

Motion Reduced    Category: Mattress
A waterbed Mattress that incorporates wave reduction devices to reduce wave motion.

Motionless    Category: Mattress
A waterbed Mattress that incorporates wave reduction devices to stop wave motion.

Mr. & Mrs. Chairs    Category: Upholstery
Two matching chairs of the same style - one larger for him, one smaller for her.

Nail-Head Trim    Category: Upholstery
Decorative head nails or a simulated nail- head strip used to accentuate a style, usually used on arms and rails.

Nap    Category: Upholstery
Raised fibers in a pile fabric such as velvet.

Nubby    Category: Upholstery
Fabric with yarns of different thicknesses giving an irregular hand to fabric.

Nubuck    Category: Leather
Leather that has had its finish surface-buffed to produce a slight nap or suede-like appearance.

Nylon    Category: Upholstery
Generic name for an important man- made synthetic fiber. Among the most durable synthetic fibers used for furniture fabrics. Trade names

Offset Coils    Category: Mattress
An innerspring Mattress coil that has an hourglass shape and a squared off section at the top and the bottom of the coil.

Olefin    Category: Upholstery
Man-made synthetic fiber, good properties of strength, and resistance to abrasion, excellent cleanability. Trade names

Orlon    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for an acrylic fiber. (See acrilan).

Ottoman    Category: Upholstery
Footstool or the footrest attached to a reclining chair.

Padding    Category: Upholstery
(See filling).

Parquet    Category: Wood
Joinery or inlay which has geometric or other patterns usually made from different colored Woods.

Patina    Category: Leather
The luster or shine that develops on Leather surface with age, use and care.

Pedestal    Category: Mattress
A supporting box Ð like structure that sits on the floor and below the deck of a waterbed.

Pedestal Base    Category: Upholstery
Base placed under the center of a piece of furniture. Commonly used on recliners and swivel rockers.

Pigmenting    Category: Leather
Coloring and coating the Leather surface to cover imperfections and produce hides that are wear- and face-resistant.

Pile Weave    Category: Upholstery
Fabric with raised nap -velvet, corduroy, fake furs.

Pillow Top Mattress    Category: Mattress
A top finishing treatment where a big pillow of soft materials is sewn over the entire surface of the Mattress.

PlyWood    Category: Wood
A structural Wood material composed of thin sheets of Wood veneer (plies) which are glued together. Adjacent layers are usually placed with the grains at right angles - giving plyWood exceptional strength and resistance to warping. Some plyWood is made by laminating equal numbers of veneer sheets on top of a thicker lumber core.

Pocket Coils    Category: Mattress
Cylindrical innerspring Mattress coils, enclosed in separate flexible fabric pockets. The pockets are attached to adjacent pockets.

Polishing    Category: Leather
Removal of the grain, scars and blemishes from a hide.

Polyester    Category: Upholstery
A man-made fiber. Trade names

Polystyrene    Category: Upholstery
A man-made synthetic used to simulate Wood. Often used to reproduce expensive Wood trim. Can also be used to make frame parts or entire frames.

Polyurethane    Category: Upholstery
Man-made synthetic foam used for filling and for cushions. Rigid polyurethane can also reproduce Wood trim or make entire frame.

Pop Up    Category: Upholstery
A reclining chair in which the head rest pops up from inside the chair back when moved into a reclining position.

Premium Select    Category: Leather
The finest Leather hides available, exhibiting few imperfections. Only 5% of all hides are premium-select quality.

Pressure Points    Category: Mattress
The points at which capillaries will close due to pressure against the body. This undesirable effect can be reduced by a Mattress that supports evenly.

Print    Category: Upholstery
Any fabric on which a design is printed on the surface rather than woven in.

Protected Aniline    Category: Leather
Leather that has been aniline dyed and then slightly pigmented to ensure color consistency while still showing the natural characteristics of the hide.

Pull-Over Back    Category: Upholstery
Furniture design in which back padding wraps around and over back rather than being squared off and trimmed with welting.

Pull-Up    Category: Leather
Refers to full grain, aniline Leather that derives its color from dyes and oils. When the Leather is pulled during upholstering, the oils in the Leather cause the color to dissipate and become lighter in areas that are pulled tight.

Pure Aniline Leather    Category: Leather
Leather dyed with aniline dyes. Only premium-select, full top-grain hides are dyed in this manner, permeating the entire hide and resulting in a rich color.

Quilting    Category: Upholstery
Process of taking two layers of flat fabrics with light padding in between and sewing them together with an over-all design. Fabrics used for quilting are often prints or plain satins. Two types of quilting are used

Quilting    Category: Mattress
Patterns that are sewn into the Mattress ticking. For surface softness, many manufacturers quilt the ticking to soft urethane foam of varying thicknesses.

Rail    Category: Upholstery
Lowest part of the Wood frame. There are front, back and side rails.

Ray    Category: Wood
The radial, medullary or pith rays run outward from the center of the tree, across growth rings. They function in the living tree as horizontal food conduits and storage vessels. In some Woods, like the Oak they are very pronounced in the Wood, giving it an open grained texture.

Rayon    Category: Upholstery
A man-made cellulose fiber. Trade names

Recliner    Category: Upholstery
Chairs which do just what the name implies -they recline. All have built-in ottomans or footrests; two-way rockers have two positions (upright and one reclining position); three-way rockers have three positions (upright and two reclining positions).

Resiliency    Category: Mattress
Surface liveliness and spring Ð back ability.

Reversible Cushions    Category: Upholstery
Seat cushions which may be turned upside down or reversed for durability. Vinyl cushions, however, cannot be reversed because a bottom fabric panel is needed for ventilation.

Ribbon Figure    Category: Wood
Also striped figure; is common in tropical timbers, being caused by grain fibers that spiral in opposite directions in adjacent growth layers.

Right-Facing    Category: Upholstery
The right-hand side of a piece of furniture when looking at same from the front. (See left-facing).

Rocker    Category: Upholstery
Any chair which tips back and forth in place. Traditional rockers have arched supports on the legs. Platform rockers move on springs on stationary bases. There are also swivel rockers and rocker recliners available.

Rotary Cut    Category: Wood
A veneering process where veneer is peeled with a stationary knife from a rotating log in a single continuous sheet (in paper towel fashion).

Rubbed Finish    Category: Wood
A finish which is rubbed with an abrasive and lubricant to produce a smooth, level surface that is free from lint and dirt specks, and has a reduced sheen.

Saddle Arm    Category: Upholstery

Saddle Stitched    Category: Upholstery
A decorative form of sewing the cover. Used more for ornamentation. It is not required for a good seam closure.

Safety Liner    Category: Mattress
A vinyl liner placed under a water Mattress to contain water if leaks or puncture occur.

SapWood    Category: Wood
The outer, living portion of a tree's Wood. In many species the sapWood is lighter in color than the interior heartWood.

Satin (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A tightly woven, high luster flat-weave fabric.

Sawed Veneer    Category: Wood
veneer cut by sawing lumber, a somewhat wasteful process usually reserved for cutting thicker than normal veneers.

Scallop    Category: Upholstery
An ornamental border on a skirt of small half circles.

Scotchgard    Category: Upholstery
(See stain-resistant finish)

Seasoning    Category: Wood
The process of removing moisture from Wood through air or kiln drying.

Self-Covered Seat Deck    Category: Upholstery
The area above the seat springs on which loose seat cushions rest is the seat deck. When covered in the same material as the exterior of the piece, it is called "self- covered." Thus if cushions move apart, you see the same Upholstery fabric underneath rather than the customarily used beige denim fabric.

Self-Welting    Category: Upholstery
When the welting is the same fabric and color as the rest of the piece.

Semi-Aniline Leather    Category: Leather
Hides that have been dyed throughout and have a surface finish applied. These Leathers offer both a soft hand and protective benefits.

Shantung (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A flat weave fabric with slub yarns. Achieved by using yarn of varying thick- nesses. Large slub yarn, particularly, could catch on children's shoe buckles or jewelry.

Side Rail    Category: Upholstery
(See rail)

Skirt    Category: Upholstery
A strip of fabric which carries the sofa or chair design down to the floor and hides legs or casters. A skirt is sometimes also called a flounce. It can be gathered or pleated.

Sleeper Or Sleep/Sofa    Category: Upholstery
A sofa which can be converted into a bed

Sliced Veneer    Category: Wood
Veneer cut from a log or flitch by moving it against a stationary knife.

Slub Yarn    Category: Upholstery
Yarn which is irregular in size

Snaps And Straps    Category: Upholstery
A pair of straps sewn to the seat deck; on the end of each is a metal lock snap. This fits into a ring on a cushion to hold it in place.

Soft Sided Waterbed    Category: Mattress
A waterbed in which high density urethane foam is used to contain the Mattress instead of a frame (see hybrid).

SoftWoods    Category: Wood
Woods from a conifer or gymnosperm (cone bearing tree with needle-like leaves) such as Pine, Spruce and fir.

Solid Wood    Category: Wood
This term indicates that the exposed parts of the furniture so marked, is made of hardWood or softWood lumber.

Solids & Veneers    Category: Wood
Furniture labeled "solids and veneers" can be made of hardWoods and softWoods, veneers, reconstituted Wood products (particleboard, composition board, chip core), plyWood, and materials such as artificial laminates.

Special-Order Cover    Category: Upholstery
Some manufacturers of Living Room furniture offer the consumer an alternate color selection of the same fabric. Color Charts are displayed with Living Room items that have alternate color selections available.

Spindle    Category: Upholstery
A round piece of Wood, usually turned or carved. Used as exterior Wood trim on arms and stumps in Early American styling.

Splits    Category: Leather
The undersides of Leather, generally used for suede and lower quality Leather furniture.

Spring Edge    Category: Upholstery
Springs carried to the edge of a seat to provide resiliency to the edge.

Springs    Category: Upholstery
Metal springs used to give interior support and resiliency to seat and back construction. Rarely used inside seat cushions today. Springs consists of two general types

Stain-Resistant Finish    Category: Upholstery
Fluorochemical finishes which retard soil and increase stain resistance on fabrics. Trade names

Stump Panel    Category: Upholstery
Panel on the front of an arm stump which is the vertical panel facing you.

Style    Category: Upholstery
Description of the general design category of furniture. For example

Suavage    Category: Leather
A marbled appearance, resulting from blending similar colors to add character and depth to a hide's finish. The look is created as the hides are tumbled during the dyeing process.

Suede    Category: Leather
Leather produced from the flesh split, which has a velvet like nap.

Suite    Category: Upholstery
A sofa and a chair

Swatch    Category: Upholstery
A sample of Upholstery fabric, often shown with other pieces, in what is called a Swatch Book. If displayed on a rack in a store, it is called a swatch handle.

Swivel Rocker    Category: Upholstery
A rocking chair which moves back and forth and revolves as well.

Tailored Edge    Category: Upholstery
When seat springs are contained within the Wood frame and do not extend to the outer edge. The front panel of Wood, softened by padding and fabric, is directly under the seat cushion.

Tailoring    Category: Upholstery
The over-all appearance of the furniture. It refers to the neatness of sewing or the visual detailing.

Tanning    Category: Leather
The chemical and mechanical process used to treat hides and eliminate perishability.

Tapestry    Category: Upholstery
A flat fabric in which the pattern is an illustration depicting a story.

Taslan    Category: Upholstery
A soft fluffy yarn used in an Upholstery fabric.

Temperature Control Unit    Category: Mattress
A device which adjusts the temperature of the water in a water Mattress, usually between 70 and 100 degrees F.

Tempering    Category: Mattress
Tempering or stress relieving of coils, helicals, border rods, etc. , with heat or electricity assures that the wire will return to its original height after compression.

Ticking    Category: Mattress
Ticking is the outer fabric covering on a sleep set. These fabrics are often attractive prints or woven damasks.

Top Coat    Category: Leather
Synthetic transparent polyurethane resins applied as a protective coating producing a high gloss or matte finish.

Top Grain    Category: Leather
The uppermost layer and highest quality part of a hide, used for fine Upholstery Leather.

Topper Pad    Category: Mattress
Insulation and padding material that lies on top of the spring assembly in an innerspring Mattress.

Trim    Category: Upholstery
A decorative design applied to the outside of furniture. It could appear on arms, back or base. It can be made of Wood, metal or plastic.

T-Shape    Category: Upholstery
A seat or back cushion shaped roughly like a "T" in a chair. The ends extend beyond the arm or back giving an appearance of greater length. The '"T" becomes an Ill" shape on the right cushion of a sofa and reverses on the left.

Tufting    Category: Upholstery
The process of drawing a cord through a deep cushion giving high puffs of padding and small low valleys where .the cord is drawn. Names are given to tufting describing the shape of the tuft such as "diamond," "biscuit," or "square." Buttons are often attached to cords to highlight the tufting design.

Tumbling    Category: Leather
A mechanical process to soften and enhance the grain of hides by tumbling for several hours in a rotating steel drum.

Tuxedo    Category: Upholstery
A style in which the arms are the same height as the back.

Tweed (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A flat weave usually of heavy yarns in a moderately tight weave.

Twill    Category: Upholstery
A very tightly woven flat weave.

Urethane    Category: Upholstery
(See" polyurethane).

Vectra    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for an olefin fiber.

Velvet (Fabric)    Category: Upholstery
A pile fabric with a clipped nap. Before clipping, the nap is a loop.

Veneer    Category: Wood
A thin decorative layer of Wood which is applied to underlying Wood solids or particle board. Veneers are used to match and balance grain, create inlay and banded effects.

Wallhugger    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for a mechanism which allows a reclining chair to be placed within 3" of a wall and permit it to fully recline without touching the wall.

Water Conditioner    Category: Mattress
A chemical solution which is added to the water in a water Mattress to prevent algae growth.

Weave    Category: Upholstery
The manner in which cloth is woven both in terms of tightness and in terms of texture.

Webbing    Category: Upholstery
Strips of material used as a base for padding.

Welts    Category: Upholstery
Fabric or vinyl covered cord used to strengthen or decorate a seam, as opposed to an inverted seam.

Wing Back    Category: Upholstery
Wing-like projections from the side of the back, often found in Early American furniture, where wings were used during early pioneer days as protection against drafts.

Wrapped Cushion    Category: Upholstery
A seat or back cushion which contains an inner core, usually polyurethane, and an outer wrapping of "fiberfill" for greater softness and a more down-like appearance.

Yield    Category: Leather
The amount of useable material after all waste containing flaws and imperfections has been discarded.

Zig-Zag    Category: Upholstery
Trade name for convoluted or S-shaped springs. Used arched for resiliency where full coil springs are not specific.